Let’s review a bit starting with ethics. We find that you can’t judge people by their success. It isn’t good to judge ourselves either. Real success has to do with how we deal with random events, wins and losses. Those who handle them well and move on to improve themselves and those around them have the greatest successes. As we govern ourselves well, we are more apt to reach the goal which is happiness.

The goal of a state is the happiness of its citizens. The concept of an ideal citizen should not be based on his ability to participate in the economy or own land. We are looking for someone who not only contributes his skills to the community but is also educated and informed so he can participate in politics and govern. The highest qualification should be good character. This will allow him to be considerate of the needs of both the individuals and the whole of the state whether he has opportunity to govern or not.

The best commanders are those who have learned well to obey. The best rulers are those who rise out of the ranks. A citizen who has lived under the law is the best candidate to make law. Those who don’t intend to go back into private living will tend to be despotic. Laws tend to be made to enrich a professional politician and give him a legacy. Rulers become elite and the republic becomes the governed against the government. Someone who intends to go and live under the laws they have made will be apt to look to the needs of the common man. Hard decisions are made that may not benefit the lawmaker. He will promulgate good character in the citizenry and the government.

We have gone over the three kinds of government in the past but everything with Aristotle builds from the simple to the complex so lets review the benefits and issues with the different forms. A monarchical  government is one where a single person makes the decisions. This is the most efficient form but also the one the most prone to tyranny. Everything depends on the character of one person. The aristocracy is one where a group of a few of the brightest rule. This is ideal at times except the group might become elitist and after a while a oligarchy may form where they secure their positions with cronies and lose touch with the populace. An elite ruling class can form that despises normal citizens who don’t agree with them. The last form of government is the one we have been discussing and that is a constitutional government that is formed democratically. This what is normally called a republic. Armed citizens are the ones that usually form this kind of government. They prefer to have written laws that benefit every citizen as the ruler the land rather than any particular person.

It’s interesting to see how the USA and other nations have elements of the three kinds of government built into their systems. There are also parties that form in every nation. We can observe today in the USA the major parties are Democrats and Republicans. A Democrat is one who trusts more in majority rule. They are willing to quickly change laws. But problems arise when the opinion of the majority doesn’t benefit the entire citizenry. A Republican is someone who trusts more in the rule of law. They don’t trust majority opinions as much since they might be based in hype. They are against ruling by passion. This view can be inflexible at times and will not respond to changing times as quickly.

I keep a continuous study in the works of Aristotle and hope you don’t mind joining me. It is interesting how people think the same and societies go through the same struggles regardless the era. We may modernize our external equipment and become better at mass transit and mass communication, but the questions we have from generation to generation are always the same. Principles that apply to living well don’t change.

Although people claim to hate politics, what they really hate is arguing with dogma. Aristotle claims in the book “Politics” that man is a political animal. This means that people naturally want to hang out with each other whether they need anything from each other or not. Knowing how to excel in our interactions with others is a skill that should be a priority to develop. We want to limit misfortune and evil while maintaining a balance with goodness in the lead.  The goal in mind is having a good life while staying free. We will endure great misfortune in order to live our own lives the way we want. The main desire is to have a life of sweetness and happiness.

We concluded in a past blog that the definition of a citizen is someone who participates in governing. The stricter the criteria for citizenship, the more important we feel their role is. When people are only subjects, the goal is to get anyone and everyone registered so the ruler can have a majority and stay in power. When people are expected to rule, the opinions of everyone are taken into consideration for every decision. They will be expected to be well informed and educated as well as having gone through strict vetting to make sure they are actual and active citizens.  Let’s proceed on and look at the types of offices and how available they should be to everyone.

The best authority rises out of the ranks. A mother was a child at one time, a helmsmen a sailor, a gymnastic trainer a former gymnast; the list can go on. So it goes with politics in a constitutional government. In order to have objectivity, where the people’s interests are ahead of the ruling class, it is best that the rulers come out of the ranks of the citizenry. Arrangements would be made for someone to cover for them at work while they serve the people in office. It would be natural to assume that they would serve their term and then go back into their private work. But the temptation for lucrative income and accolades make them want to stay in office. The more rulers are interested in securing their positions and the more the interests of the common people are ignored, the more a government becomes despotic. But the goal is having a community of freemen. So with this in mind, we will continue in book three, chapter seven looking at different forms of governments and how they become despotic.

We fret over words, our minds second guess

Despite the swirling winds of time

It wasn’t too long ago when we used words like poise, dignity, grace and honor frequently when instructing people how to handle adversity. It seems backwards today however. Although tolerance seems to be the catch all word today, there is actually very little of it going around. Tolerance has morphed into a synonym of forced acceptance rather than  one of fortitude and our culture seems to be losing its spine.

We used to endorse the notion that each person is unique and should be proud of who they are regardless what people say or think. Let them say what they want, just hold your head high. Now though, we tell them to whine about it, call it abuse and pass laws against it. A hero to them is someone who can whine the loudest and get the most sympathy. Actually it is disgraceful and insecure to carry a chip on one’s shoulder. The the most effective way to combat judgmental people is to shame them with your good attitude.

You might call me old fashioned but I have the belief that good principles never get old. That the best way to have a good workplace or a school is for people to have tact and stand up to offenses by not qualifying them with a crybaby or an angry response. When a person whines or gets angry, the offender has won, regardless of the outcome. A brawler once told me that a person who remains cool is the scariest one in the room. A soft answer turns away wrath.

I suppose it is easier to arouse passion against success than to applaud success. There is little work involved afterward. Professionalism means that a person is unaffected by adverse circumstances and doesn’t let obnoxious people rile them up. We should all champion having the ability to stay steady and give room for cycles both in circumstances and in dealing with people’s moods. Those of us who are passionate know this well. It is important to steer passions toward caring and understanding rather than anger and vengeance. I have to admit that this takes more work. But this is the foundation of improving a culture. The greatest causes aren’t external ones but it lies within ourselves; where ultimately we have the most responsibility to improve.

I have been reading a book recently about how we form bias’. It is interesting how many principles apply in philosophy that are reinforced by scientific study. There are two areas that we deal with as humans and we do so much better if we can sort them out. One is random events and the other is controlled events. The book had a chapter on how we see patterns, make associations and then form opinions. The interesting thing is that many times we think we see patterns when they are really random events.

Most people have heard of gamblers odds. If a person flipped a coin and had heads show up ten times, the odds of getting a heads on the eleventh time have not increased. It is still 50/50. Having children is the same way. No matter how many girls born to a person, the odds of having a boy never increase above that of the first time. Even in basketball, there really is no such a thing as a hot streak. A person shoots at a certain percentage and while that person might be hitting a few in a row, the overall odds are the same for hitting each shot.

Where this applies to real life is that sometimes people fail in business or a relationship because of bad breaks or random events. It doesn’t always mean that actions were made that sabotaged it. This brings us to controlled events; the areas where our decisions influence the outcome. Even in this area, people react in unpredictable ways to what we do and the turnout may still end up what we didn’t want to happen. So how do we sort this all out?

We are in control of our actions and and our habits. This is a great thing and we should savor the fact that we have rational minds and can react outside of instinct if we want to. We can have goals and passions to chase and really there is nothing that can stop our forward motion. Random events might put a pause for a time but as long as we stay confident and keep moving, all will be well. The foundation is that we depend on love and kindness as general principles to guide us when people don’t react the way we would like. We should avoid the pitfall of labeling things acts of God or Fate. It is good to recognize the originating force surrounding us but random events aren’t caused by them and it is up to us to deal with ramifications. We are perfectly capable and equipped for it. Don’t let the apocalyptic crowd effect you.

Study to understand principles that can be put into habit to minimize losses from random events. This works well in finances. Some people do happen to be at the right place at the right time and get wealth. But they will still have to follow good principles to keep it. Kids that inherit and those who parents set them up still have to follow the same principles of hard work as anyone else. We have all seen those who squander. But the principles of diligence hold for everyone regardless of what one has. Eventually we come out of it if we stay diligent.

In regard to age, there is never an time where a person should kick back, get fat, lazy and self indulge. Stress has proven to be a factor for the good toward longevity. We should always try new things, explore, be curious and learn from the world around us. Even if we don’t reach the summit, we should die happy clawing our way on the rocks enjoying the view along the way. A rock might fall, weather get bad, but we’re still going forward regardless what goes on around us.
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Sometimes we think love 

As a small child I was introduced

I should get out from under the covers